"[21] Thus, Germany expected another short Blitzkrieg and made no serious preparations for prolonged warfare. Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania would return to the Soviet control, while Poland and Romania would be divided. The paratroopers were soon repelled – but not until still more Red Army troops had used the cover they provided to get themselves over the Dnieper and securely dug in. The 9th Army blunted its spearhead against the Soviet minefields, frustratingly so considering that the high ground there was the only natural barrier between them and flat tank country all the way to Kursk. Advancing on either side of the upper Donets on a narrow corridor, the II SS Panzer Corps and the Großdeutschland Panzergrenadier divisions battled their way through minefields and over comparatively high ground towards Oboyan. And why is your signal not in code? [citation needed]. 2,450 other armoured vehicles, 21,880 armoured personnel carriers, 36,703 semi-tracked tractors and 87,329 semi-tracked trucks,[162] estimated 2/3 were lost on the Eastern front. le 05 juin 1946, L’ONCLE DU CANADA de Noté /5. Finally, early in November the Red Army broke out of its bridgeheads on either side of Kiev and captured the Ukrainian capital, at that time the third largest city in the Soviet Union. The two principal belligerent powers were Germany and the Soviet Union, along with their respective allies. Immediately after the start of the German invasion, the NKVD massacred large numbers of inmates in most of their prisons in Western Belarus and Western Ukraine, while the remainder was to be evacuated in death marches.[131]. [51]:135, Stalin noted in 1944, that two-thirds of Soviet heavy industry had been built with the help of the United States, and the remaining one-third, with the help from other Western nations such as Great Britain and Canada. Зимняя кампания 1942–1943 гг. [51]:129 The massive transfer of equipment and skilled personnel from occupied territories helped further to boost the economic base. [63], The defeat of Germany in 1945 freed approximately 11 million foreigners (categorised as "displaced persons"), most of whom were forced labourers and POWs. Memorandum for the President's Special Assistant Harry Hopkins, Washington, D.C., 10 August 1943: In War II Russia occupies a dominant position and is the decisive factor looking toward the defeat of the Axis in Europe. The Soviet Union started a process of militarisation with the 1st Five-Year Plan that officially began in 1928, although it was only towards the end of the 2nd Five-Year Plan in the mid-1930s that military power became the primary focus of Soviet industrialisation.[22]. Among other goods, Lend-Lease supplied:[51]:8–9, Lend-Lease aid of military hardware, components and goods to the Soviet Union constituted to 20% percent of the assistance. Stalin's central tenet, "Socialism in One Country", manifested itself as a series of nationwide centralised Five-Year Plans from 1929 onwards. Reviews There are no reviews yet. Tenaciously, small units paddled their way across the 3 km (1.9 mi) wide river and established bridgeheads. To Stalin, the Baltic Sea seemed the quickest way to take the battles to the German territory in East Prussia and seize control of Finland. Henri This included the terrorisation of their own people, as well as mass deportations of entire populations. These foreign volunteers in the Wermacht were primarily used in the Eastern Front but some were assigned to guard the beaches of Normandy. [44] About 15–20% of total German strength were foreign troops (from allied countries or conquered territories). Germany's economic, scientific, research and industrial capabilities were one of the most technically advanced in the world at the time. le 22 mars 1945, LES MYSTÈRES DE On 27 November, the 4th Panzer Army got to within 30 km (19 mi) of the Kremlin when it reached the last tramstop of the Moscow line at Khimki. Fernandel Sortie Stalin's five-year plans of the 1930s had resulted in the industrialisation of the Urals and central Asia. Henri-Georges Clouzot At the crisis of the war, in the autumn of 1942, Stalin made many concessions to the army: the government restored unitary command by removing the Commissars from the chain of command. Walter Dunn, "The Soviet Economy and the Red Army", Praeger (30 August 1995), page 50. Летне-осенняя кампания 1942 г. As they retreated from Ukraine and Belarus in 1943–44, the German occupiers systematically applied a scorched earth policy, burning towns and cities, destroying infrastructure, and leaving civilians to starve or die of exposure. Hitler's insistence on holding the Dnieper line, even when facing the prospect of catastrophic defeat, was compounded by his conviction that the Cherkassy pocket could break out and even advance to Kiev, but Manstein was more concerned about being able to advance to the edge of the pocket and then implore the surrounded forces to break out. The above figures includes all personnel in the German Army, i.e. Manstein's counteroffensive, strengthened by a specially trained SS Panzer Corps equipped with Tiger tanks, opened on 20 February 1943 and fought its way from Poltava back into Kharkov in the third week of March, when the spring thaw intervened.This left a glaring Soviet bulge (salient) in the front centered on Kursk. Anti-Soviet Finland, which had fought the Winter War against the Soviet Union, also joined the offensive. [4][5] The Eastern Front was decisive in determining the outcome in the European theatre of operations in World War II, eventually serving as the main reason for the defeat of Nazi Germany and the Axis nations.[6]. le 16 mai 1945, FEU NICOLAS de The Soviet Union offered support to the partisans in many Wehrmacht-occupied countries in Central Europe, notably those in Slovakia, Poland. de Christian-Jaque Sortie Addeddate 2009-09-30 21:20:24 Color b/w Ia_orig__runtime 22 minutes 2 seconds Identifier 1943-02-03 … [150] Soviet and Russian historiography often uses the term "irretrievable casualties". Estimates of total civilian dead in the Soviet Union in the war range from seven million (Encyclopædia Britannica) to seventeen million (Richard Overy). However, access to (and control of) the resources, raw materials and production capacity required to entertain long-term goals (such as European control, German territorial expansion and the destruction of the USSR) were limited. le 01 septembre 1943, ADIEU.. LÉONARD OKW claim German losses of 77,000 killed, 334,000 wounded and 292,000 missing, with a total of 703,000 men, on the Eastern Front during January and February 1945.[100]. [58], Rolf Karlbom estimated that Swedish share of Germany's total consumption of iron may have amounted to 43% during the period of 1933–43. [10] The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact ostensibly provided security to the Soviets in the occupation both of the Baltics and of the north and northeastern regions of Romania (Northern Bukovina and Bessarabia, June–July 1940), although Hitler, in announcing the invasion of the Soviet Union, cited the Soviet annexations of Baltic and Romanian territory as having violated Germany's understanding of the Pact. [28] The German Anschluss of Austria in 1938 and the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia (1938–1939) demonstrated the impossibility of establishing a collective security system in Europe,[29] a policy advocated by the Soviet ministry of foreign affairs under Maxim Litvinov. Richard Pottier Sortie le 20 octobre 1943, L'homme qui vendit son âme de Pierre [115], The combined damage consisted of complete or partial destruction of 1,710 cities and towns, 70,000 villages/hamlets, 2,508 church buildings, 31,850 industrial establishments, 64,000 kilometres (40,000 mi) of railroad, 4,100 railroad stations, 40,000 hospitals, 84,000 schools, and 43,000 public libraries; leaving 25 million homeless. [102], The offensive to capture central Germany and Berlin started on 16 April with an assault on the German front lines on the Oder and Neisse rivers. In the first week of November, on the outskirts of Ordzhonikidze, the 13th Panzer Division's spearhead was snipped off and the panzer troops had to fall back. Strom Eagle. The offensive at Estonia claimed another 480,000 Soviet soldiers, 100,000 of them classed as dead. [51]:123 It is estimated that all the food supplies sent to Russia could feed a 12,000,000-man strong army half pound of concentrated food per day, for the entire duration of the war. While it is important to note that not all parts of Soviet society viewed the German advance in this way, the majority of the Soviet population viewed German forces as occupiers. [24][27] Soviet Union negotiated treaties of mutual assistance with France and with Czechoslovakia with the aim of containing Germany's expansion. Fernand Rivers Sortie Sortie [51]:135 Soviet statistics show, that without these shipments of aluminium, aircraft production would have been less than one-half (or about 45,000 less) of the total 137,000 produced aircraft. Sortie Adolf Hitler had declared his intention to invade the Soviet Union on 11 August 1939 to Carl Jacob Burckhardt, League of Nations Commissioner, by saying: Everything I undertake is directed against the Russians. Besetzung der griechischen Inseln Leros und Samos, Transport von gefangenen Briten und Badoglio-Anhaengern. The multiple battles and the use of scorched earth tactics destroyed agricultural land, infrastructure, and whole towns, leaving much of the population homeless and without food. Order 25 of 15 January 1943 introduced shoulderboards for all ranks; this represented a significant symbolic step, since after the Russian Revolution of 1917 shoulderboards had connotations as a symbol of the old Tsarist régime. Advancing armoured divisions of the Army Group South met with Guderian's 2nd Panzer Group near Lokhvytsa in mid September, cutting off large numbers of Red Army troops in the pocket east of Kiev. [75], Hitler then decided to resume the advance on Moscow, re-designating the panzer groups as panzer armies for the occasion. This represented an ideological shift in Soviet policy, away from its commitment to the international communist revolution, and eventually leading to the dissolution of the Comintern (Third International) organisation in 1943. Although the 5th Guards Tank Army did not attain its objectives, the German advance had been halted. In part because of the unexpected degree of German success in the Battle of France (despite the warnings of the professional military) Hitler believed himself a military genius, with a grasp of the total war-effort that eluded his generals. Following the Soviet occupation of eastern Poland, of the Baltic states and of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina in 1939–1940, Stalin insisted on the occupation of every fold of the newly Sovietized territories; this move westward positioned troops far from their depots, in salients that left them vulnerable to encirclement. [59], The use of foreign forced labour and slavery in Nazi Germany and throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II took place on an unprecedented scale. Rüdiger Overmans states that it seems entirely plausible, while not provable, that one half of these men were killed in action and the other half died in Soviet custody. As a rule, the maximum in loot was extracted. … Battle was joined on 12 July, with about one thousand tanks being engaged. Video ... Generaloberst Model besichtigt die Front im mittleren Abschnitt der Ostfront. Be … [132], Germany had far greater resources than did the USSR, and dwarfed its production in every matrix except for oil, having over five times the USSR's coal production, over three times its iron production, three times its steel production, twice its electricity production, and about 2/3 of its oil production.[133]. At crucial periods in the war he held daily situation-conferences at which he used his remarkable talent for public speaking to overwhelm opposition from his generals and from the OKW staff with rhetoric. En ce moment . The populations of occupied Central Europe and the Soviet Union were to be partially deported to West Siberia, enslaved and eventually exterminated; the conquered territories were to be colonised by German or "Germanized" settlers. The attack breached the Finnish front line of defence in Valkeasaari on 10 June and the Finnish forces retreated to their secondary defence line, the VT-line. The battles on the Eastern Front of the Second World War constituted the largest military confrontation in history. Jean Tarride Sortie The Germans, on the other hand, could rely on a large slave workforce from the conquered countries and Soviet POWs. Billon February 20 – American film studio executives agree to allow the United States Office of War Information to … [149] The Nazis exterminated one to two million Soviet Jews (including the annexed territories) as part of the Holocaust. Subsequently, when Germany in its turn surrendered to the Allies (November 1918) and these territories became independent states under the terms of the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 at Versailles, Soviet Russia was in the midst of a civil war and the Allies did not recognise the Bolshevik government, so no Soviet Russian representation attended.[7]. de Jean Stelli Sortie Achetez neuf ou d'occasion Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century. [166] The other main group of men joining the German army were citizens of the Baltic countries annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940 or from Western Ukraine. Army Group North became Army Group Courland; Army Group Centre became Army Group North and Army Group A became Army Group Centre. ), "Strategische Lage im Frühjahr 1944", Jodl, Vortrag 5 May 1944. [81], However, by 6 December it became clear that the Wehrmacht did not have the strength to capture Moscow, and the attack was suspended. Germany and the Soviet Union remained unsatisfied with the outcome of World War I (1914–1918). Military losses of 10.6 million include six million killed or missing in action and 3.6 million POW dead, plus 400,000 paramilitary and Soviet partisan losses. The Germans cut the wire network in all Soviet western military districts to undermine the Red Army's communications. Второй период Великой Отечественной войны. It was known as the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union and some of its successor states, while everywhere else it was called the Eastern Front. For Operation Barbarossa, Germany mobilised 3,300,000 troops of the Heer, 150,000 of the Waffen-SS[41] and approximately 250,000 personnel of the Luftwaffe were actively earmarked. But its forces could not even get past the first objective at Olkhovatka, just 8 km (5.0 mi) into the advance. [46] According to Edward Ericson, although Germany's own resources were sufficient for the victories in the West in 1940, massive Soviet shipments obtained during a short period of Nazi–Soviet economic collaboration were critical for Germany to launch Operation Barbarossa.[47]. After the defeat at Stalingrad, Germany geared completely towards a war economy, as expounded in a speech given by Joseph Goebbels, (the Nazi propaganda minister), in the Berlin Sportpalast, increasing production in subsequent years under Albert Speer's (the Reich armaments minister) direction, despite the intensifying Allied bombing campaign. After heavy fighting in the battles of Tali-Ihantala and Ilomantsi, Finnish troops finally managed to halt the Soviet attack. LOUPS de le 14 août 1946, PIERRE ET JEAN Retrouvez infos & avis sur une large … [78], Army Group South pushed down from the Dnieper to the Sea of Azov coast, also advancing through Kharkov, Kursk, and Stalino. In 1941, thousands of trains evacuated critical factories and workers from Belarus and Ukraine to safe areas far from the front lines. de Sacha Guitry Sortie As part of this, Operation Shamil was executed, a plan whereby a group of Brandenburger commandos dressed up as Soviet NKVD troops to destabilise Maikop's defences and allow the 1st Panzer Army to enter the oil town with little opposition. In Operation Uranus started on 19 November, two Soviet fronts punched through the Romanian lines and converged at Kalach on 23 November, trapping 300,000 Axis troops behind them. However, the German lines were over-extended and the Soviet defenders counterattacked the 1st Panzer Army's spearhead from the north, forcing them to pull out of the city and behind the Mius River; the first significant German withdrawal of the war. le 09 mars 1943, GRAINE AU VENT de One final move in the south completed the 1943–44 campaigning season, which had wrapped up a Soviet advance of over 800 kilometres (500 mi). 13 morceaux de bravoures tout aussi mélodiques que martials, comme une envie de détruire le Mur de Berlin avec des copains tout en étant maquillé façon concours... Lire la suite. Roger Richebé In the winter of 1941–1942 Hitler believed that his obstinate refusal to allow the German armies to retreat had saved Army Group Centre from collapse. [101] The three Soviet fronts had altogether some 2.5 million men (including 78,556 soldiers of the 1st Polish Army); 6,250 tanks; 7,500 aircraft; 41,600 artillery pieces and mortars; 3,255 truck-mounted Katyusha rocket launchers, (nicknamed "Stalin Organs"); and 95,383 motor vehicles, many of which were manufactured in the United States. According to Time magazine: "By measure of manpower, duration, territorial reach and casualties, the Eastern Front was as much as four times the scale of the conflict on the Western Front that opened with the Normandy invasion. de Julien Duvivier Sortie This 'note' was left unanswered by Third Reich officials. On 25 April the 2BF broke through the German 3rd Panzer Army's line south of Stettin. Certainly, the peace negotiations in April had gone nowhere. None of the conquered territories gained any measure of self-rule. Julien Duvivier Sortie To the north, the Red Army surrounded a German garrison in Demyansk, which held out with air supply for four months, and established themselves in front of Kholm, Velizh, and Velikie Luki. However, in early February, the Germans managed to cut off this force, separating the Soviets from their main force in the rear of the Germans. By 17 January, the Soviets had captured Lotoshino and Shakhovskaya. Once these facilities were reassembled east of the Urals, production could be resumed without fear of German bombing. In the south the Red Army lunged over the Donets River at Izyum and drove a 100 km (62 mi) deep salient. Des milliers de livres avec la livraison chez vous en 1 jour ou en magasin avec -5% de réduction . Sortie But if we speak today in Europe of new land, we can primarily only to Russia and the border states subjects him think." January 23 – The film Casablanca is released nationally in the United States and becomes one of the top-grossing pictures of 1943. le 10 juillet 1946, VOYAGE SANS ESPOIR In addition to Germany, hundreds of thousands of tons of bombs were dropped on their eastern allies of Romania and Hungary, primarily in an attempt to cripple Romanian oil production. as part of their program aiming to exterminate all European Jews.[20]. le 28 juillet 1943, DONNE-MOI TES YEUX Most civilians were left to make their own way east, with only industry-related workers evacuated with the equipment; much of the population was left behind to the mercy of the invading forces. In 1943–44, French payments to Germany may have risen to as much as 55% of French GDP. Bernard-Roland Sortie Both wings would converge on the area east of Kursk, and by that means restore the lines of Army Group South to the exact points that it held over the winter of 1941–1942. The southern offensive, spearheaded by 4th Panzer Army, led by Gen. Col. Hoth, with three Tank Corps made more headway. Lt.-Gen. Mikhail Grigoryevich Yefremov's 33rd Army aided by Gen. Belov's 1st Cavalry Corps and Soviet Partisans attempted to seize Vyazma. 1944–1951 годы // История СССР. On 17 September, the Soviet Union invaded Eastern Poland, and, as a result, Poland was partitioned among Germany, the Soviet Union and Lithuania. Estimated civilian deaths range from about 14 to 17 million. Germany's allies, in total, provided a significant number of troops and material to the front. As September ended and October started, the Germans found the Dnieper line impossible to hold as the Soviet bridgeheads grew. The Soviet multi-stage summer offensive started with the advance into the Orel salient. le 13 octobre 1943, L'HOMME DE LONDRES Under the pressure of the Soviet Baltic Offensive, the German Army Group North were withdrawn to fight in the sieges of Saaremaa, Courland and Memel. However, on Christmas Eve the retreat began anew when the First Ukrainian Front (renamed from the Voronezh Front) struck them in the same place. [74] As a part of this policy, the NKVD massacred thousands of anti-Soviet prisoners. And the army is staying at the front.". [55] Overall, Germany imported 20% of its food and 33% of its raw materials from conquered territories and Axis allies. Addeddate 2009-10-19 18:56:14 Color b/w Ia_orig__runtime 16 minutes 32 seconds Identifier 1943 … Louis Daquin Sortie de Jacques Rémy Sortie According to the Narkomat of Defence order (No. pp. Летне-осенняя кампания 1944 г. Кампания в Европе 1945 г. Axis troops who captured Red Army soldiers frequently shot them in the field or shipped them to concentration camps to be used as forced labourers or killed. In addition, the Polish Armed Forces in the East, particularly the First and Second Polish armies, were armed and trained, and would eventually fight alongside the Red Army. [168] Additionally, millions of Soviet civilians were captured as POWs and treated in the same manner. It was centered at Banská Bystrica. Maurice Tourneur Sortie Following bloody encirclement battles, all of the present-day Belarus territory was occupied by the Germans by the end of August 1941. It is generally accepted as being the deadliest conflict in human history, with over 30 million killed as a result. After the German defeat, Joseph Stalin promised his allies Truman and Churchill, that he would attack the Japanese within 90 days of the German surrender. [17], Hitler referred to the war in radical terms, calling it a "war of annihilation" (Vernichtungskrieg) which was both an ideological and racial war. "We National Socialists consciously draw a line under the direction of our foreign policy war. Local insurgents seized the moment and controlled most of Lithuania, northern Latvia and southern Estonia prior to the arrival of the German forces. le 06 avril 1944, LE CIEL EST À VOUS de It included the phrase All forces under German control to cease active operations at 2301 hours Central European time on 8 May 1945. Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century. Jean Dréville Sortie le 24 mai 1944, L'IMPOSTEUR de 2, p. 152. Mahé Sortie le 25 août 1943, L'ÉTERNEL RETOUR de This decision, Hitler's "summer pause",[72] is believed to have had a severe impact on the Battle of Moscow's outcome, by slowing down the advance on Moscow in favour of encircling large numbers of Soviet troops around Kiev. Ostfront (Interprète) CD album. He later told Erhard Milch: I had to act ruthlessly. By 24 April, elements of the 1BF and 1UF had completed the encirclement of the German capital and the Battle of Berlin entered its final stages. Japanische Offiziere besuchen die Front zwischen Leningrad und Ilmensee. Naval vessels alone constituted 10–15% of Germany's war expenditures from 1940 to 1944 depending on the year, while armoured vehicles by comparison were only 5–8%.[135]. [citation needed] The Eastern Front was also made possible by the German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement in which the Soviet Union gave Germany the resources necessary to launch military operations in Eastern Europe. Ostfront - Fabrice Le Hénanff - 12Bis. In August 1941, when Walther von Brauchitsch (commander-in-chief of the Wehrmacht) and Fedor von Bock appealed for an attack on Moscow, Hitler instead ordered the encirclement and capture of Ukraine, in order to acquire the farmland, industry, and natural resources of that country.

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